Abstract
Isoflurane and sevoflurane are the two most commonly used inhalation anesthetics in veterinary medicin e today. This study compared the anesthetic effects between isoflurane and sevoflurane in 17 calves undergoing surgery for placement of portal and jugular vein cannulas. Using a randomized control trial, calves were assig ned to receive sevoflurane or isoflurane. Anesthesia was i nduced with xylazine and ketamine then maintained with the assigned inhalation anesthetic. Parameters for hear t rate, respiratory rate, indirect blood pressures, oxygen hemoglobin saturation and end-tidal carbon dioxide were monitored and recorded during surgery. The anesthetic concentrations of the vaporizers were adjusted acco rding to the calves’ responses, e.g., blood pressur e, eye position, respiratory and heart rate, to surgical s timulation. Upon discontinuation of the inhalation anesthetic, calves were placed in sternal recumbency and recovery variables including time to extubation, time to first movement, attempts to stand and time to standing were observed and recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-sample t-test on the recorded variables . There were no statistical differences between iso flurane and sevoflurane for any of the parameters recorded duri ng anesthetic maintenance or recovery. The results of this study showed a faster time to first movement and extubation, 3.38±1.85 min and 11.75±3.73 min for sevoflurane compared to 7.56±5.34 min and 15.56±8.69 min for isoflurane, respectively. Attempts to stand were 3.00 ±2.14 for sevoflurane and 3.22±1.79 for isoflurane. Thoug h the time to standing during recovery was not stat istically different between anesthetics, the values did indic ate a quicker trend of recovery from sevoflurane. B oth inhalation anesthetics produced comparable anesthet ic qualities and there were no statistical differen ces between the parameters recorded during maintenance of anesthesia. On the basis of the reported results, sevofl urane and isoflurane are suitable inhalation anesthetics for use in calves. However, present cost of sevoflurane is a limiting factor for its use in food animals.
Highlights
Mama, 2007; Stoelting, 1999)
There were no significant differences for Heart Rate (HR), Respiratory Rate (RR), SpO2, PETCO2, SAP, MAP and DAP between isoflurane and sevoflurane during surgery (Table 1)
Heart rate remained steady throughout the surgery and there was no statistical differences noted between sevoflurane and isoflurane
Summary
Sevoflurane is nonflammable, fluorinated methyl isopropyl ether with a Isoflurane and sevoflurane are the two most lower blood-gas partition coefficient of 0.68 (Steffey and commonly used inhalation anesthetics in veterinary Mama, 2007; Stoelting, 1999). The substitution of a fluorine for chlorine in sevoflurane decreases its blood solubility and a lower blood-gas partition coefficient which allows a more rapid increase in alveolar anesthetic concentration during induction and a faster decrease during recovery, shorter anesthetic induction and recovery times (Johnson et al, 1998; Kazama and Ikeda, 1988; Mutoh et al, 1995; Steffey and Mama, 2007; Stoelting, 1999). A lower partition coefficient allows for a faster change of the anesthetic depth which greatly increases the safety of anesthesia
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