Abstract
Objective: To compare the efficacy of intravenous Tramadol and intravenous Morphine in attenuation of hemodynamic stress response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
 Study Design: Quasi-experimental study
 Place and Duration: Department of Anesthesia, Combined Military Hospital, Mardan Pakistan, from Jun 2021 to Jun 2022.
 Methodology: A total of 136 patients were involved in the research. These patients were divided via a lottery method into two groups i.e., Group-T (Tramadol) and Group-M (Morphine) with 68 patients in each group. Patients aged 20-50 years planned for laparoscopic cholecystectomy with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Grade I or Grade II were included in the study.
 Results: Out of a total of 136 patients with equal distribution of 68(50%) patients in each group. Patients with ASA– I Grade from Group–T and Group-M were 52(76.5%) and 41(60.1%), respectively; however, ASA–II Grade patients were 16(23.5%) from Group–T and 27(39.7%) from Group–M. In this study, intravenous Tramadol was effective in 48(70.5%) out of 68 patients, while intravenous Morphine was effective in 60(88.24%) patients, with a p-value of 0.01.
 Conclusion: This study concluded that intravenous Morphine is more effective in attenuating hemodynamic stress response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in laparoscopic cholecystectomy than intravenous Tramadol.
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