Abstract
The study of monitoring seawater intrusion and groundwater quality in a coastal area needs to be done regularly to prevent the clean water crisis problems in the future. Accurate and reliable interpolation of seawater intrusion over a region is the requirement of an efficient monitoring. In this study, different interpolation methods were investigated and compared to determine the best interpolation method for predicting the spatial distribution of seawater intrusion in the coastal area of Banda Aceh. Groundwater electrical conductivity (EC) was analyzed to identify the contamination of seawater intrusion into the coastal aquifers. Four interpolation methods such as Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK), Global Polynomial Interpolation (GPI), Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), and Local Polynomial Interpolation (LPI), were used to create the spatial distribution of the groundwater electrical conductivity. The accuracy of interpolation methods was evaluated by using a cross-validation technique through the coefficient of determination (R2) and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The results showed that IDW performed the most accurate prediction values and the best surface which were indicated by the least RMSE and the highest R2 value. It can be concluded that IDW interpolation method is the best method for interpolating the groundwater electrical conductivity associated with seawater intrusion in the coastal area of Banda Aceh.
Highlights
Seawater intrusion is the process of infiltration of seawater into the pores of rocks and contaminates its groundwater quality [1]
The interpolation results showed that the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) produced a smooth surface output and the prediction values were centered in a circle
Based on the result of the cross-validation technique, it can be seen that IDW interpolation method generated the smallest error (RMSE value = 459,79 μS/cm) and the highest coefficient determination (R2 value = 0,42) compared to the other three interpolation methods for mapping the spatial distribution of electrical conductivity (EC) groundwater in Banda Aceh coastal region
Summary
Seawater intrusion is the process of infiltration of seawater into the pores of rocks and contaminates its groundwater quality [1]. This process causes the suppression in groundwater by seawater on aquifers in coastal areas. The amount of dissolved salt and the groundwater salinity are the indicators of seawater intrusion [2]. They can be determined by using the approach of the Electrical Conductivity (EC) measurement method [3]. The spatial distribution of seawater intrusion is an important indicator of groundwater quality.
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