Abstract
The large number of pesticide applications in apple orchards creates serious problems with pesticide residues and their side effects on beneficial organisms, the environment and human health. This is the reason behind the search for new systems for apple protection.The investigations were made in apple orchards of the Institute of Agriculture at Kyustendil, during the period from 1997-1999. Three scab resistant cultivars grafted on rootstocks MM106 were planted in 1996. The orchard was divided into four plots. Two plots were treated as „conventionally” and the other two were treated as „integrated” according to the general principles, rules and standards of integrated apple production.The key disease during the experimental period was powdery mildew, which can be controlled only with pruning of infected clusters and shoots during the first three years after planting. The key pests in the orchard during the nonbearing period were the green apple aphid and San Jose scale. In the integrated plant protection system, it is possible to reduce the number of insecticide treatments depending on the density of the main pests.
Highlights
The soil, climatic and topographical conditions in many regions of Bulgaria are favorable for apple growing and production of high quality fruits
In the integrated plant protection system, it is possible to reduce the number of insecticide treatments depending on the density of the main pests
The large number of pesticide applications (10-16 in a growing season) creates serious problems with pesticide residues and their side effects on beneficial organisms, the environment and human health. This is the reason for the search for new environmentally-friendly systems for apple protection. These new systems are e.g. integrated and organic production systems, which are being investigated in the case of apple diseases, pest and weeds
Summary
The soil, climatic and topographical conditions in many regions of Bulgaria are favorable for apple growing and production of high quality fruits. The large number of pesticide applications (10-16 in a growing season) creates serious problems with pesticide residues and their side effects on beneficial organisms, the environment and human health. This is the reason for the search for new environmentally-friendly systems for apple protection. Several points of integrated and organic production systems are well qualified (Anonymous, 1989; Dickler, 1990; Dickler and Schaffermeyer, 1991; Cross and Dickler, 1994; Avilla, 1996; Grauslund and Bertelsen, 1996; Berrie and Cross, 1996; El Titi et al, 1996; Holb et al, 2003b), further development of plant protection is still needed for both environmentallyfriendly production systems in apple growing (Cross, 1993; Cross et al, 1996; Holb et al, 2003b)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
