Abstract
Objectives: To examine the comorbidity burden in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients using a nationwide population-based cohort by assessing the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI), Multimorbidity Index (MMI), and Rheumatic Disease Comorbidity Index (RDCI) scores and to investigate their predictive ability for all-cause mortality. Methods: We identified 24,767 RA patients diagnosed from 1998 to 2008 in Taiwan and followed up until 31 December 2013. The incidence of comorbidities was estimated in three periods (before, during, and after the diagnostic period). The incidence rate ratios were calculated by comparing during vs. before and after vs. before the diagnostic period. One- and 5-year mortality rates were calculated and discriminated by low and high-score groups and modified models for each index. Results: The mean score at diagnosis was 0.8 in CCI, 2.8 in ECI, 0.7 in MMI, and 1.3 in RDCI, and annual percentage changes are 11.0%, 11.3%, 9.7%, and 6.8%, respectively. The incidence of any increase in the comorbidity index was significantly higher in the periods of “during” and “after” the RA diagnosis (incidence rate ratios for different indexes: 1.33–2.77). The mortality rate significantly differed between the high and low-score groups measured by each index (adjusted hazard ratios: 2.5–4.3 for different indexes). CCI was slightly better in the prediction of 1- and 5-year mortality rates. Conclusions: Comorbidities are common before and after RA diagnosis, and the rate of accumulation accelerates after RA diagnosis. All four comorbidity indexes are useful to measure the temporal changes and to predict mortality.
Highlights
Comorbidities are conditions that coexist with a specific disease
Comorbidities are common before and after rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosis, and the rate of accumulation accelerates after RA diagnosis
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Summary
Systematic quantification of the comorbidity burden is essential for clinical management of index diseases. The simple method is to use the sum of each comorbidity score, whereas the more complicated way is to aggregate and weight specific comorbidities to measure the burden and impact of them on the index disease management [5,6,7,8]. The selection of different comorbidity indexes is according to the purpose of the study, type of data available (administrative data or self-report data), and outcome of interest. These tools were decided for research studies, they are not embedded widely in electronic health record systems, and there is no consensus or guidelines about how these should be used in clinical practice at this point
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