Comparison of incubator concepts for yolk sac larvae of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.)

Abstract

Different incubation techniques for yolk sac larvae of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) were compared and evaluated on the basis of survival and amount of normally developed larvae. The three investigated incubator concepts were; 3-litre glass-bowls maintained with stagnant water, 100-litre flat bottom PVC-tanks run with slow water exchange, and 350–1450 litre flow through silos with up-streaming water. The survival at the end of the yolk sac stage in 3-litre bowls was 30–90%, and increased reproducibility was obtained by addition of 25 ppm antibiotics to the water at start of the incubation. In the PVC tanks the survival was lower (20–55%). The flow through silo-incubators with up-wards water flow gave survival of 30–70%, and exhibited the highest reproducibility in survival for replicates. The fraction of normally developed larvae ready for first feeding varied both with larval batches and incubator-type. For all batches of eggs, lowest amount of normal larvae were obtained in the 100 litre PVC-tanks. In the bowls and the silos the fraction of normal larvae were 55–75% in the investigated batches. The most dominating deformity was jaw deformity (gaping), and lowest relative fraction of gaping was obtained in the bowls and in silos in larval batch 2. An overall evaluation of the incubator potential of efficient large scale production of yolk sac larvae ready for first feeding suggests that the silo-incubators have the highest potential.