Comparison of in-shoe plantar loading forces between minimalist and maximalist cushion running shoes

Abstract

While several published studies have evaluated the biomechanical responses to minimalist (MIN) footwear, little has been reported on maximalist (MAX) shoes. The purpose of this study was to compare in-shoe plantar loading parameters between MIN and MAX running footwear. Researchers recruited 15 recreational runners who ran in a minimalist (New Balance Minimus Hi-Rez) and maximalist (Hoka One One) footwear conditions. Data were collected through PEDAR® insoles. A paired t-test was conducted comparing plantar loading variables during stance: contact time (CT), maximum mean pressure (MMP), peak pressure (PP), pressure time integral (PTI) and force time integral (FTI) with further evaluation of the total foot, forefoot, midfoot and rearfoot. Statistically significant decreases were seen in all plantar loading variables under the total foot and forefoot in the maximalist shoe when compared to the minimalist shoe (p < .003). On average, the following decreases were seen in the maximalist shoe in the total foot when compared to the minimalist shoe: MPP 11.6%, PP 30.6%, PTI 29.8%. Larger differences were seen in the forefoot and less so in the rearfoot when the plantar surface was evaluated in thirds. The findings suggest that maximalist cushion footwear decreases plantar loading under the total foot and forefoot during running. Maximalist shoes may be considered when the aim is to reduce forces and pressures under the foot during running activities.