Comparison of High-Throughput Biophysical Methods to Identify Stabilizing Excipients for a Model IgG2 Monoclonal Antibody: Conformational Stability and Kinetic Aggregation Measurements

Abstract

The overall conformational stability of a model IgG2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was examined as a function of temperature and pH using an empirical phase diagram approach. Stabilizing excipients were then identified based on high-throughput methods including (1) kinetic studies measuring aggregation via increases in optical density and (2) thermally induced structural transitions as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The kinetic profiles of antibody aggregation at 65 °C were pH dependent and correlated well with pH effects on secondary and tertiary structural transitions due to heat stress. For the screening of stabilizing excipients, the inhibition of the rate of protein aggregation at pH 4.5 at 65°C, as represented by changes in optical density, was shown to have a clear trend with a modest correlation coefficient compared with the stabilizing effect of the same excipients on the conformational stability of the antibody as measured by DSC and tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy. These results demonstrate the utility of combining high-throughput data from protein aggregation kinetic experiments and conformational stability studies to identify stabilizing excipients that minimize the physical degradation of an IgG2 mAb.