Comparison of Hematological Profile of Athletes in Various Phases of Menstrual Cycle

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to compare the hematological parameters during the different phases of the menstrual cycle viz Menstrual, Follicular, Ovulation, and Luteal Phase. Thirty athletes were selected as subjects for the study who were involved in speed-endurance dominated sports. Blood samples were taken in each phase and analyzed for the following hematological variables - Red blood cells (RBCs), White blood cells (WBCs), Hemoglobin (Hb), and platelets. The results of the study showed variations in hematological parameters throughout the menstrual cycle. RBC and Hb levels significantly increased during the follicular phase (FP) but remain unchanged in the ovulation and luteal phase. WBC levels also increased during the FP, were almost similar in ovulation phase, and slightly decreased in the luteal phase. Platelet count followed a similar pattern as WBC. Platelet count increased in the FP but decreased in the luteal phase. Menstrual phase is characterized by hemorrhage which results in blood loss and decreased levels of hematological parameters. FP is seen as compensatory phase in which the hematological variables significantly increase. WBC and Platelet count decrease in the luteal phase in attributed to the decrease in the estrogen levels. The study concluded that variations in hematological parameters is observed during the different phases of the menstrual cycle.