Comparison of hematological parameters in congenital hypothyroidism in neonates: A case controls study

Abstract

Thyroid hormones play an important role in human metabolism. Red blood cells abnormalities are mostly associated with thyroid hormones. However, they are very rarely investigated and associated to the permanent and transient congenital hypothyroidism in Tamil Nadu’s Government Territory care centre in Chennai. In this study, an attempt was made to study the haematological status in permanent and transient hypothyroidism neonates at birth.This retrospective study included 135 subjects, among which were permanent hypothyroidism (n=9), transient hypothyroidism (n=18), and euthyroid neonates (108). This study was carried out at department of biochemistry, Regenix super speciality laboratories and sample collection were done at Government Institute of Child’s health and hospital for children and Government institute of obstetrics and Gynaecology and hospital for Women under Madras Medical college, Chennai. The haematological parameters and thyroid profile of the subjects were assessed by sysmex heamatology analyser, Roche Cobas e411 ECLIA and Neonatal screening by BIORAD QUANTASE ELISA. Mean and standard deviation, analysis of variance (two way anova) with p<0.05 considered as statistically significant.In this study group, we compared the homological status in these groups, permanent, transient, and euthyroid as controls neonates. We found that haematological status like Hb, RBC, MCV, and RDW were significantly increased at birth in both permanent and transient hypothyroidism were compared with euthyroid neonates, results are significant. The results reported in these are Mean ± S.D., were statistically tested by ANOVA. In permanent Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH), MCV (79.97-87.58 fl) and RDW (13.98-16.6%), whereas in Transient Congenital Hypothyroidism, MCV (72.52-87.05 fl) and RDW (13.41-15.68%), and controls MCV (78.69-82.12 fl) and RDW (12.4 – 14.3%), suggesting that these patients were at risk of anemia and other RBS abnormalities. Mean corpuscular volume is an important to view the change in RBCs destruction, production, loss and morphology.The thyroid dyshormonogenesis is frequently associated with mothers’ complications like anemia, hypo/hyperthyroid mother, siblings developmental delay, and goitre. Permanent CH is associated with serious complication with erythrocyte abnormalities. The risk of congenital hypothyroidism cloud be getting into developmental delay and mentally retarded children, Such conditions should be detect early and corrected.