Abstract
Analysis of growth and yield characteristics of rice with different yield levels is very important for the breeding of high-yield rice cultivators. To investigate the yield components’ variation, morphological characteristics of the panicles, leaves, and stems of rice varieties under different yield levels, a two-year field experiment was conducted in Chongqing China. The 20 mid-season Indica hybrid rice varieties were classified into three groups based on yield, comprising high-yield group (HG), mid-yield group (MG), and low-yield group (LG). The main reason for the superior yield of HG is that the varieties of this group had a significantly higher number of effective panicles per unit area than the MG and LG. In plant type factors, the leaf type factors were the most important reason causing yield difference of HG, MG, and LG. The average leaf roll index, average leaf length to width ratio, average leaf base angle, average leaf droop angle, and average leaf pillow distance of the upper three leaves were significantly or significantly negatively correlated with the yield, while the average leaf width, average leaf area, and the average distance of leaf edge were significantly or significantly positively correlated with yield, and the leaf droop angle was the most important plant type factor affecting the yield. Based on these results, we further quantified the plant type factors of HG and constructed an ideal plant type model for high-yield hybrid mid-season rice. Theoretical and practical basis could be provided for breeding mid-season Indica hybrid rice with super-high yield in the future to ensure food security.
Highlights
Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important food crops in the world, with about 50% of the world’s population living on rice [1]
According to the clustering of values of yield per unit area, all the rice varieties tested can be classified into three groups: high-yield group (HG), mid-yield group (MG), and low-yield group (LG), with the average yield of HG being significantly higher than those of MG and LG
Analysis of the components of yield showed that the number of effective panicles per unit area for HG was significantly higher than that of MG and LG, and this was the main reason for the difference in yield among different groups, which was consistent with the results of Ma et al [16]
Summary
Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important food crops in the world, with about 50% of the world’s population living on rice [1]. With the continuing increase in population, there is an urgent need to improve rice yield. Without being able to increase the planting area, it is very difficult to increase rice yield, and this conundrum is . The cultivation of salt-tolerant rice cultivar (sea rice) has expanded part of the planting area of rice, but it is still not enough to fully meet the food demand of the world population [4]. In order to increase rice production, it is necessary to increase the yield per unit area. The characteristics of high-yield rice have been the focus of several rice breeders and cultivators for some time
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