Abstract
Biological materials (Blood, Bones, and Muscle) at different photon energies (59.5, 81.0, 356.5, 661.6, 1173.2 and 1332.5 keV). Appreciable variations are noted for attenuation coefficients by changing the photon energy and the chemical composition of the samples. The numerical simulations attenuation coefficients were compared with experimental data wherever possible and the XCOM theoretical data. The simulations show that the simulated mass attenuation coefficient values are very close to experimental values better than the other obtained theoretical data base for the same samples. The results indicate that MCNP and Geant4 simulation codes can be applied to estimate mass attenuation for various biological materials at different energies. Monte Carlo method may be employed to make additional calculations on the photon attenuation characteristics of different biological sample for unknown experimental data.
Highlights
The use of X- and gamma-rays in various fields such as in medicine, industry and agriculture is increasing; the leakage and scattering of these rays can be harmful for human-beings
An understanding of how vital human organs such as blood, bones and soft tissues interact with radiation is essential in the development of radiation protection and dosimetry
The gamma ray spectrometry system consists of HPGe detector (Canberra model) coupled with analog digital converter (ADC), high voltage 5000 V with negative polarity and relative efficiency of 70%
Summary
The use of X- and gamma-rays in various fields such as in medicine, industry and agriculture is increasing; the leakage and scattering of these rays can be harmful for human-beings. The leaked radiation may possibly interact with human being involve directly handling the nuclear facilities or public living nearby it. An understanding of how vital human organs such as blood (whole), bones and soft tissues interact with radiation is essential in the development of radiation protection and dosimetry. A better understanding of X-ray interaction with human organs is necessary [1,2,3,4]. The mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ) is a measure of gamma ray absorption or scattering capability of element, compound or per unit mass. It is the fundamental parameter to derive many other parameters of radiation interaction, shielding and dosimetric interests. An extensive data is available in literatures relevant to mass attenuation coefficient and scattering cross–section for almost all elements, compounds as well as mixtures. Most of the obtained experimental data are compared with the theoretical tabulations used by XCOM program [5]
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