Comparison of Functional Outcomes Associated with Hospital at Home Care and Traditional Acute Hospital Care

Abstract

To compare differences in the functional outcomes experienced by patients cared for in Hospital at Home (HaH) and traditional acute hospital care. Survey questionnaire of participants in a prospective nonrandomized clinical trial. Three Medicare managed care health systems and a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Two hundred fourteen community-dwelling elderly patients who required acute hospital admission for community-acquired pneumonia, exacerbations of chronic heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or cellulitis, 84 of whom were treated in HaH and 130 in an acute care hospital. Treatment in a HaH care model that substitutes for care provided in the traditional acute care hospital. Change in activity of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) scores from 1 month before admission to 2 weeks post admission to HaH or acute hospital and the proportion of groups that experienced improvement, no change, or decline in ADL and IADL scores. Patients treated in HaH experienced modest improvements in performance scores, whereas those treated in the acute care hospital declined (ADL, 0.39 vs -0.60, P=.10, range -12.0 to 7.0; IADL 0.74 vs -0.70, P=.007, range -5.0 to 10.0); a greater proportion of HaH patients improved in function and smaller proportions declined or had no change in ADLs (44% vs 25%, P=.10) or IADLs (46% vs 17%, P=.04). HaH care is associated with modestly better improvements in IADL status and trends toward more improvement in ADL status than traditional acute hospital care.