Abstract
Four serological methods (ELISA, simplified ELISA, latex flocculation test [LF], and passive hemagglutination test [PHA]) were compared for practical detection of 10 viruses of rice in plants and viruliferous insects. All of the viruses were detected by ELISA and simplified ELISA. The detection of the viruses in plants with systemic infections was easier than the detection of phloem-restricted viruses. Some viruses in plants could not be detected in LF and PHA because of inhibition or nonspecific reactions. All of the viruses that are transmitted in a persistent manner were easily detected in individual insect vectors by ELISA and simplified ELISA, but some viruses were unable to detect by LF and PHA (.)
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