Abstract
Two species of Calystegia, C. soldanella and C. japonica which both are vine perennials belong to Convolvulaceae habituated in extremely different environment. In order to elucidate the effect of flavonoids to tolerate environmental stress we chose a sand-dune plant C. soldanella, under unfavorable conditions such as nutrients deficiency, strong irradiance, and broad differences of temperature during day and night and compared this plant with C. japonica habituated under mild environment. Several kinds of flavonoids were found in both plants. Especially, quercetin glycosides and kaempferol glycosides were found as major flavonols in both plants. In C. soldanella, kaempferol 3-O-galacto-sidee-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-digalactoside-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-galactoside-7-O-galactoside and 4’-hydroxyflavone 7-O-glucoside were found. While in C. japonica, quercetin 3-O-galactoside 7-O-glucuronide, quercetin 3,7-O-digalactoside and kaempferol 3-O-galactoside 7-O-glucoside were found. Also, kaempferol glycoside was a major flavonol in C. soldanella, in contrast to quercetin glycoside as major flavonol in C. japonica. The content of total phenolic compounds was similar in two species but the content of total flavonoid compounds was higher by 1.5 times in C. japonica than that of C. soldanella.
Highlights
The genus Calystegia (Convolvulaceae) contains a large number of species widely distributed in the world
The content of total phenolic compounds was similar in two species but the content of total flavonoid compounds was higher by 1.5 times in C. japonica than that of C. soldanella
We have identified three kinds of kaempferol glycoside from the leaves, three kinds of flavonoid compound from the stems of C. soldanella, two kinds of flavonol compounds from leaves and one flavonol compound from stems of C. japonica
Summary
The genus Calystegia (Convolvulaceae) contains a large number of species widely distributed in the world. C. japonica has cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and subtropical regions This plant was used as sources of the pharmacopoeial activities such as antiseptic, antioxidant, antipyretic, diuretic, cholagogic and antihaemorrhagic activity, has been found to contain some flavonoids [2,3]. Flavonoids are widely distributed in plants fulfilling many functions. Those are the most common group of polyphenolic compounds in the human diet and are found ubiquitously in plants. The basic flavonoid structure is the flavan nucleus, which consist of 15 carbon atoms arranged in three rings (C6-C3-C6). They are antioxidants, phytoalexins and UV protectors [4,5,6,7]. We measured the contents of total phenolic compounds and total flavonoid compounds, to see correlation between environmental status and accumulation of these compounds
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