Abstract
Salvia microphylla and Teucrium polium are medicinal and aromatic plants with ethnobotanical uses. The present study was conducted to investigate the chemical composition of Salvia microphylla and Teucrium polium essential oils, the secondary metabolites, and the biological activities of their infusion and methanolic (MeOH) extracts. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation from shoots Salvia microphylla and Teucrium polium. Phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were determined. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results showed the presence of significant qualitative and quantitative variations for the composition of the both essential oils (EO). Salvia microphylla EO were most complex and present 70 compounds with the major components were β-caryophyllene (13.32%), 1,8 cineole (11.25%), Cis p-Menthane-3-one (10.74%), and β-Selinenol (9.71%). Where in the Teucrium polium EO, 45 compounds were identified with the important components are β-cadinene (10%), β-citronellol (8.5%), Carvacrol (7.63%), and Eugenol (7.15%). Obtained results showed that both plant are very rich in secondary metabolites. Extracts isolated from Salvia microphylla presented the highest contents in the phenolic compound than extracted from Teucrium polium. The antioxidant activity data demonstrated that all extracts showed strong antioxidant and radical scavenging activities. Essential oil and methanol extracts presented a potential for antimicrobial activities against all tested microorganisms. The obtained results highlight the potential use of Salvia microphylla and Teucrium polium as possible natural antioxidant substances and sources of bioactive molecules.
Highlights
3.1 Phytochemical Tests The phytochemical tests were carried out with the objective of highlighting the presence or absence of secondary metabolites in the shoots of the studied plants and this manifests itself by characterization reactions, which consist of precipitation or coloring phenomena by appropriate reagents for each metabolite
The chemical composition of essential oils obtained from 2 species of the Lamiaceae genus (T. polium and S. microphylla) were determined by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis
Where in the T. polium essential oils (EO), 45 compounds were identified with the important components are β-cadinene (10%), β-citronellol (8.5%), Carvacrol (7.63%), and Eugenol (7.15%)
Summary
The Lamiaceae family is a very diverse family with 6,900–7,200 species divided into 236 genera [1] Some species of this family are of economic importance due to their content in essential oil, in polyphenolic compounds, and their use in traditional medicine it which is often linked to the presence of. The genus Salvia (sage) is one of the most important genera of the Lamiaceae family comprising nearly 1000 species identified throughout the world [6,7]. They are good widespread in temperate and subtropical zones [8,9]
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