Comparison of Erector Spinae Plane Block and Pectointercostal Facial Plane Block for Enhanced Recovery After Sternotomy in Adult Cardiac Surgery

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of the pectointercostal fascial plane block (PIFPB) and the erector spinae plane block (ESPB) on enhancing the recovery of patients who undergo cardiac surgery. A randomized, controlled, double-blinded study. The operating rooms and intensive care units of university hospitals. One hundred patients who were American Society of Anesthesiologists class II to III aged 18-to-70 years scheduled for elective cardiac surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to undergo either ultrasound-guided bilateral PIFPB or ESPB. Patients shared comparable baseline characteristics. Time to extubation, the primary outcome, did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference between the groups, with median (95% confidence interval) values of 115 (90-120) minutes and 110 (100-120) minutes, respectively (p = 0.875). The ESPB group had a statistically significant reduced pain score postoperatively. The median (IQR) values of postoperative fentanyl consumption were statistically significantly lower in the ESPB group than in the PIFPB group (p < 0.001): 4 (4-5) versus 9 (9-11) µg/kg, respectively. In the ESPB group, the first analgesia request was given 4 hours later than in the PIFPB group (p < 0.001). Additionally, 12 (24%) patients in the PIFPB group reported nonsternal wound chest pain, compared with none in the ESPB group. The median intensive care unit length of stay for both groups was 3 days (p = 0.428). Erector spinae plane block and PIFPB were found to equally affect recovery after cardiac surgery, with comparable extubation times and intensive care unit length of stay.