Comparison of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Surface Plasmon Resonance and Biolayer Interferometry for Screening of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat and Wheat Dust.

Melanie Sanders,Kara Moran,Chris Maragos,Sarah De Saeger,Richard O’Kennedy,Daniel Mcpartlin,Mia Eeckhout,Yirong Guo

doi:10.3390/toxins8040103

Abstract

A sample preparation method was developed for the screening of deoxynivalenol (DON) in wheat and wheat dust. Extraction was carried out with water and was successful due to the polar character of DON. For detection, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared to the sensor-based techniques of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and biolayer interferometry (BLI) in terms of sensitivity, affinity and matrix effect. The matrix effects from wheat and wheat dust using SPR were too high to further use this screenings method. The preferred ELISA and BLI methods were validated according to the criteria established in Commission Regulation 519/2014/EC and Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. A small survey was executed on 16 wheat lots and their corresponding dust samples using the validated ELISA method. A linear correlation (r = 0.889) was found for the DON concentration in dust versus the DON concentration in wheat (LOD wheat: 233 μg/kg, LOD wheat dust: 458 μg/kg).

Highlights

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary metabolite produced by certain species of fungi, in particular Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum
The water plus organic fraction as determined by the difference in weight before and after incineration resulted in 27.94% and 11.65% for the two different wheat dust batches, which lies within the range mentioned by Martin (1981) [22]
It can be concluded that the water and organic fraction and the mineral composition of wheat dust can be different from batch to batch

Summary

Introduction

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary metabolite produced by certain species of fungi, in particular Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum. These fungi can infest small grains causing significant economic damage to cereal crops worldwide. Animal exposure to DON can lead to reduced food or feed consumption, abdominal distress, malaise, diarrhea, shock and death in extremely high doses [1]. To protect human and animal health, many countries have established regulatory levels for DON in grains. In the United States the advisory level is 1 mg DON/kg (1 ppm), and, in Europe, Toxins 2016, 8, 103; doi:10.3390/toxins8040103 www.mdpi.com/journal/toxins. Toxins 2016, 8, 103 maximum levels between 200 and 1750 μg DON/kg are advised by the European Commission (European Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006)

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