Comparison of electroconvulsive therapy and magnetic seizure therapy in schizophrenia: Structural changes/neuroplasticity

Abstract

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can effectively reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia, but may also impair cognitive function. A potential alternative is magnetic seizure therapy (MST), which has shown comparable efficacy with less severe cognitive disruption. This study compared ECT to MST for clinical efficacy and cognitive side effects. In addition, we examined the possible contributions of hippocampal volume changes and enhanced brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling to the therapeutic responses. Thirty-four confirmed schizophrenia patients were allocated to receive ECT (n = 16) or MST (n = 18) over a 4-week period. Schizophrenia symptoms were measured by PANSS, cognition by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), and serum BDNF and its precursor proBDNF by ELISA at baseline and following ECT or MST. Both treatments reduced PANSS scores with comparable efficacy, while MST was superior for preservation of RBANS language score. ECT significantly increased the volumes of the bilateral hippocampus and multiple subfields, while MST had no effect on hippocampal volume. The change in right hippocampal volume was correlated with proBDNF change among ECT and MST non-responders (< 25% decrease in PANSS score). MST reduced schizophrenia symptoms as effectively as ECT with slightly better preservation of cognitive function.