Abstract
Ultrasonography (US) and Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) can be used to detect breast cancer. Ultrasonography is based on non-ionizing radiations without adverse biological effects. A set of electrodes was placed around the torso and a small alternating current (AC) was injected via two of the electrodes into the object. This study aimed to acquire preliminary data to evaluate the EIT method for differentiation of artificial solid and cystic tumors in comparison to standard US.This study used a phantom made from chicken meat. In order to obtain the image of the solid tumor, an olive with carrot insertion was done, and the cystic tumor was created by filling a small balloon with water. GE Logic C5 ultrasound was performed with a 12 MHz linear transducer. For EIT measurement, 16 ECG electrodes and 32 ECG electrodes were placed. Data processing was done using the Graz consensus Reconstruction algorithm for EIT (GREIT) and Newton's One Step Error Reconstructor (NOSER) methods.The artificial solid tumor produced an ultrasound image of an oval, inhomogeneous lesions. The GREIT method with 16 electrodes of artificial solid tumor did not show a match between the reconstructed image and the original object containing 2 anomalies, but a match was found with 32 electrodes. In the NOSER method, both 16 and 32 electrodes showed a match. Ultrasound of the artificial cystic tumor showed an oval, circumscribed, anechoic with posterior enhancement. Both the GREIT and NOSER methods using the artificial cystic tumor showed a match between the reconstructed image and the original object containing two anomalies.EIT has a lower imaging resolution in comparison to ultrasonography, but is progressively maturing as a tool for monitoring and imaging. The solid and cystic anomalies on the phantoms were visualized by the GREIT and NOSER methods except for the solid anomaly with the GREIT 16 electrodes.
Highlights
IntroductionBreast malignancy is the leading invasive cancer of women population
Worldwide, breast malignancy is the leading invasive cancer of women population
Olive flesh appears as a mild hyperechoic area at the edge of the lesion and carrot pieces appear in the middle as a hypoechoic lesion with a posterior shadow and small linear hyperechoic area (Fig. 3)
Summary
Breast malignancy is the leading invasive cancer of women population. It is estimated that breast cancer comprises 24.5% and 15.5% of new cancer cases and number of cancer deaths in female in 2020, respectively [1,2]. 627,000 deaths worldwide were attributable to breast cancer in 2018 [1]. Early detection of breast malignancy is very important. Medical imaging devices such as the well-known Ultrasonography (US) and Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) can be utilized to detect breast cancer.
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