Abstract
Most patients undergoing general anesthesia, laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are required that can cause a large haemodynamic stress response, caused by sympathetic adreno-medullary response due to cortisol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine production. These can lead to tachycardia, hypertension, occasional dysrhythmias, angina, myocardial infarction or stroke. Considering the clinical significance of these changes stress attenuation is needed to blunt these responses. This is done by a variety of medications like lidocaine, deep inhalation anesthetic, ganglion blocking drugs, calcium channel blockers, vasodilators, opioids, and adrenergic blockers. An observational comparative study was designed to compare the effectiveness and safety of intravenous esmolol 1 mg/kg with labetalol 0.4 mg/kg for suppression of haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.
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