Abstract
Nanocrystalline particles of ZnO and TiO2 of approximately equal size (∼15 nm) were used to prepare mesoporous electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. Electron transport in the solar cells was studied using intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy and revealed very similar results for ZnO and TiO2. Apparent activation energies for electron transport in nanostructured ZnO of ≤0.1 eV were calculated from the temperature dependence of transport times under short-circuit conditions. The lifetime of electrons in the nanostructured semiconductors was evaluated from open-circuit voltage decay and intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy. Significantly longer lifetimes were obtained with ZnO. Despite the reduced recombination, ZnO-based solar cells performed worse than TiO2 cells, which was attributed to a lower electron injection efficiency from excited dye molecules and/or a lower dye regeneration efficiency. The internal voltage in the nanostructured ZnO film under short-circuit conditions was abo...
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