Abstract
Passive sampling methods have been widely used for more than 20 years because they can provide information on time-weighted average concentrations (C TWA) of hydrophobic organic contaminants in water. Many factors affect the efficiency and applicability of a passive sampling process. Among others, selection of the sampler design and choice of the supporting membrane material are important factors that determine the performance of passive samplers. In this work, the influences of some critical properties of membranes, such as membrane density, hydrophilicity of the membrane surface, and chemical and mechanical resistances, on the uptake of organic chlorinated pesticides (OCPs) were evaluated. Four membrane materials, namely cellulose acetate (CA), cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), a cellulose acetate-cellulose triacetate blend (CA-CTA), and cellulose triacetate (CTA), and their triolein-embedded samplers were selected for the study. The four membranes are all hydrophilic; CAB has the highest contact angle and CA has the lowest. CTA is chemically and mechanically resistant, and has better tensile strength than the other membranes have. CAB does not have good chemical resistance and dissolves in hexane/dichloromethane solvent. CA and CTA alone showed lower uptake rates for the selected OCPs than with triolein-embedded passive samplers, indicating that triolein increased the accumulation capacity. Triolein-embedded CA (TECAM), CA-CTA (TECA-CTA), CTA (TECTA), and CAB (TECAB) as passive samplers showed similar uptake patterns; TECTA showed the highest uptake rates and TECAB showed the poorest accumulation. In summary, TECTA gave the best performance among all the tested composite semipermeable membranes.
Highlights
Passive sampling devices made of different materials have been widely used in environmental monitoring, especially for hydrophobic organic compounds
We previously developed the use of triolein-embedded cellulose acetate (CA) membrane (TECAM) passive sampling devices, and the results from both laboratory and field experiments showed that TECAMs can quickly and efficiently accumulate hydrophobic organic chlorinated pesticides (OCPs) from water [15]
Another passive sampling device, called a TCAPE, consists of a thin film of triolein enclosed in a thin-walled tube made of a composite CA membrane supported by linear low-density polyethylene (LDPE); the device is formed with an LDPE support and an external CA side; and it accumulates hydrophobic OCPs in water more quickly and efficiently than semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) do [17]
Summary
Passive sampling devices made of different materials have been widely used in environmental monitoring, especially for hydrophobic organic compounds. Various types of passive sampling devices and set-ups have been developed for monitoring organic pollutants in aquatic environments These include lipid-filled semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) [1], Chemcatcher [2], membrane-enclosed sorptive coatings [3], and polar organic chemical integrative samplers [4]. The unique configuration of TECAM provides a larger ratio of membrane surface area to lipid volume and simpler pretreatment procedures Another passive sampling device, called a TCAPE, consists of a thin film of triolein enclosed in a thin-walled tube made of a composite CA membrane supported by linear LDPE; the device is formed with an LDPE support and an external CA side; and it accumulates hydrophobic OCPs in water more quickly and efficiently than SPMDs do [17]. A singlephase polymeric membrane and triolein-embedded passive sampler were compared to determine whether these polymeric membranes would be suitable as passive samplers
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
