Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells have been intensively studied as possible alternative to silicon solar cells. TiO2 is the most common photoanode material used in high performance DSSCs and can exist in different forms and polymorphs that can affect their performance. The most common forms of TiO2 are anatase and rutile. Generally, pure anatase exhibits higher photovoltaic activity compared to rutile TiO2 and is widely accepted that the observed incident photocurrent conversion efficiency is mainly due to a higher dye loading in anatase TiO2. Here, we demonstrate that anatase nanoparticles based DSSCs can have lower dye adsorption amount than rutile TiO2 but exhibit better photovoltaic performance. It is revealed that the ability which rutile and anatase TiO2 scatter incident light can be an important contributing factor to their performance difference. In this study, hydrothermal synthesis is the major method to fabricate anatase and rutile nanoparticles of different size and form.
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