Abstract
Titanium and its alloys are characterized by high mechanical strength, good corrosion resistance, high biocompatibility and relatively low Young’s modulus. For many years, one of the most commonly used and described titanium alloys has been Ti-6Al-4V. The great interest in this two-phase titanium alloy is due to the broad possibilities of shaping its mechanical and physico-chemical properties using modern surface engineering techniques. The high coefficient of friction and tendency to galling are the most important drawbacks limiting the application of this material in many areas. In this regard, such methods as carburizing, nitriding, oxidation, and the synthesis of thin films using physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods may significantly improve the tribological properties of titanium alloys. The influence of thermo-chemical treatment (oxidation, carburizing and nitriding) on tribological properties and corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy is presented in this paper. The results include metallographic studies, analysis of tribological and mechanical properties and corrosion resistance as well. They indicate significant improvements in mechanical properties manifested by a twofold increase in hardness and improved corrosion resistance for the oxidation process. The carburizing was most important for reducing the coefficient of friction and wear rate. The nitriding process had the least effect on the properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
Highlights
Titanium and its alloys are very attractive materials for many engineering applications
The phase composition of the titanium alloy surface after low pressure nitriding was evaluated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method using Empyrean diffractometer (Panalytical Empyrean, Almeo, The Netherlands)
The Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy was thermo-chemically treated by means of oxidation, carburizing and nitriding techniques
Summary
Titanium and its alloys are very attractive materials for many engineering applications. They are used, among others, in the aerospace, automotive, energy, shipbuilding, chemical and food industries, as well as in medicine [1,2,3,4]. Ti-6Al-4V alloy is the most commonly used and widely described in the literature. This two-phase material is characterized by low specific weight, high mechanical strength and a Young’s modulus of less than half that of steel. This material has poor tribological properties, as demonstrated by the high coefficient of friction in combination with most of the materials, tendency
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