Abstract
This experiment analysed the operation of submerged and dripping biological filters with three types of filling: commercial fitting HXF12KLL (CF), two innovative polypropylene aggregates (PPA) and polyethylene screw caps for PET bottles (PSC). The experiment determined the time needed to reach full filter functionality at the maturation stage, the time needed to start successive stages of the nitrification process and the maximum concentration of each nitrogen compound in water in the recirculation systems. The filter operation characteristics after the maturation stage were also examined. These issues are crucial during the preparation and launch of new aquaculture facilities. A literature analysis indicated that the ability of biological filters to oxidise nitrogen compounds is affected by a number of factors. Studies conducted at various centres have covered selected aspects and factors affecting the effectiveness of biological filters. During this study, the model fish common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was used. The current experiment involved examination of biological filter maturation and operation during the carp fry rearing stage, which allowed the biofilter operation characteristics to be determined. At the third day of the experiment, the ammonium concentration reached approximately 3 mg NH4-N/dm3. It remained at this level for 10 days and later decreased below 0.25 mg NH4-N/dm3. The maximum nitrite concentration ranged from 11.7 mg/dm3 to 20.9 mg NO2-N/dm3 within 9 to 20 days and later decreased with time. Nitrate concentrations were seen to increase during the experiment. The all applied biofilter media showed possibility to be used in commercial aquaculture systems.
Highlights
Annual fish and seafood consumption has been increasing steadily
Any increase in the amount of fish and seafood is associated with aquaculture and its dynamic growth
The kinetics of the reaction were not studied during the experiment, because the purpose of the study was to examine whether the applied experimental fillers for biological filters are useful in aquaculture
Summary
The amount of fish and seafood obtained globally is limited and annual output has remained at 90 million tonnes for the past decade. For this reason, any increase in the amount of fish and seafood is associated with aquaculture and its dynamic growth. Closed systems, in which only water loss is replenished. Water loss in breeding systems needs to be replenished for multiple reasons, because of evaporation. To minimise the need for replenishing water loss, RAS systems are equipped with complex water treatment and purification systems, including mechanical and biological
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