Abstract
The release of dyes used in the textile industry into the natural environment causes unwanted negative effects due to the carcinogenic, mutagenic or even teratogenic properties of the dyes. Based on their chemical composition, dyes are divided into anionic, cationic and non-ionic dyes. In this work, the physical method of wastewater treatment – adsorption – was studied. This is a method in which various natural substances called sorbents are used. Materials used in the adsorption process should be nontoxic, environmentally friendly, cheap, and their use should not cause secondary pollution. The idea of using sorbents made from waste in experimental studies, which can even be used several times in the adsorption process, promotes the sustainable use of resources. The study compared different sorbents: aerogel, devulcanized rubber granules and sewage sludge. It was found that the highest values of adsorption efficiency were characterized by sewage sludge granules that were pyrolyzed at 500 °C. Using 500 °C pyrolysis sewage sludge, the adsorption efficiency reached 28.14–53.73%. Granules made from devulcanized car tire rubber had the lowest adsorption efficiency values: the adsorption efficiency value reached 12.92%. The adsorption efficiency values of the aerogel synthesized from paper waste ranged from 28.21 to 38.07%.
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