Comparison of dietary share of ultra-processed foods assessed with a FFQ against a 24-h dietary recall in adults: results from KNHANES 2016.

Sukyoung Jung,Jee Young Kim,Sohyun Park

doi:10.1017/s1368980022000179

Abstract

To evaluate the performance of an FFQ for estimating dietary contributions of NOVA groups to individuals' diets with a specific focus on ultra-processed foods (UPF) compared with a single 24-h dietary recall (24HR). All consumed foods and beverages assess with both a 109-item FFQ and a single 24HR were classified into one of four NOVA groups: natural or minimally processed foods (MPF), processed culinary ingredients (PCI), processed foods (PF) and UPF. The contributions of each NOVA group to daily intakes of energy, protein, fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, fibre and Na were expressed as crude intake, energy-adjusted intake and percentage intake. Mean differences, correlation coefficients and joint classification were calculated for intakes of energy and nutrients from each NOVA group between the FFQ and the 24HR. The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016. Adults aged 19-64 years (n 3189). The smallest group-mean differences between the two methods were observed in UPF (2-40 %). The greatest average Pearson's correlation coefficients between the FFQ and 24HR were shown in dietary contributions of UPF (r = 0·22-0·25 for MPF; r = 0·02-0·05 for PCI; r = 0·11-0·18 for PF; r = 0·26-0·30 for UPF). The greatest agreement in quartile classification between the FFQ and the 24HR was observed in dietary contributions of UPF (70·0-71·5 % for MPF; 64·2-68·8 % for PCI; 66·9-69·2 % for PF; 71·8-73·9 % for UPF). The use of the FFQ for estimating absolute intake of UPF may not be encouraged in its current form, but it still may be used for relative comparisons such as quantile categorisation.

Highlights

Prior prospective studies that have examined the association of ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption with disease outcomes among adults have used 24-h dietary recalls (24HR), diet/food records (DR) or FFQ as the main dietary assessment methods
With a nationally representative sample of Korean adults, we aimed to evaluate the performance of the FFQ to classify UPF consumption of individuals’ diets compared with the 24HR and examine the possibility of using FFQ in largecohort studies that only measure dietary intake with FFQ
We tested the mean difference in dietary contributions of each NOVA group to total intakes of energy and nutrients between the 24HR and the FFQ using a paired t test

Summary

Introduction

Prior prospective studies that have examined the association of UPF consumption with disease outcomes among adults have used 24-h dietary recalls (24HR), diet/food records (DR) or FFQ as the main dietary assessment methods. We tested the mean difference in dietary contributions of each NOVA group to total intakes of energy and nutrients between the 24HR and the FFQ using a paired t test.

Results

Conclusion