Abstract
BackgroundConsidering the lifelong dietary restriction in celiac patients, it is important to assess the diet quality in these patients. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the diet quality in adult celiac patients and compare it with that of the non-celiac people.MethodsIn the present cross-sectional study, 130 celiac patients were selected from the celiac disease (CD) registry database of East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Non-celiac people (n = 464) was selected from the major lifestyle promotion project conducted in the East Azerbaijan district. The dietary intake data was obtained by an 80-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Diet quality was assessed using the healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015).ResultsThe mean total HEI score was significantly higher in the celiac group compared with the non-celiac people (P < 0.001) and 68.5% of non-celiac people and 17.4% of celiac patients had poor diet quality. After adjusting for confounding factors, the mean score of total HEI in adherents to gluten-free diet (GFD) was significantly higher compared with non-adherents (P = 0.007).ConclusionsAlthough the mean total HEI score was higher in celiac patients compared with the non-celiac people, about 17.5% of patients had poor diet quality and the scores of whole grains and dairy products group were very low in our population. Accordingly, it seems that educational programs should be held for the celiac patients and non-celiac people to increase their nutritional literacy and enable them to select healthy gluten-free alternatives.
Highlights
Considering the lifelong dietary restriction in celiac patients, it is important to assess the diet quality in these patients
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease that presents in genetically susceptible individuals by consuming gluten-containing foods [1]
Materials and methods In the present cross-sectional study, celiac patients were randomly selected from the CD registry database of East Azerbaijan province, Iran
Summary
Considering the lifelong dietary restriction in celiac patients, it is important to assess the diet quality in these patients. This study aimed to investigate the diet quality in adult celiac patients and compare it with that of the non-celiac people. In this regard, researchers have already drawn attention to the quality of GFD and have focused on dietary components to evaluate diet quality. In children with CD, some studies focused on HEI [7, 8] and reported various differing results. No study has evaluated the HEI in adult celiac patients so far. One study assessed the diet quality through calculating the Mediterranean diet score (as a high-quality diet) and showed that the mean score of the Mediterranean diet was significantly lower in celiac patients [9]
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