Abstract
First, the basic characteristics of macro and micro masonry models in numerical analyses of masonry structures are discussed. Afterwards, developed numerical macro and micro masonry models, intended for the nonlinear static and dynamic analysis of unreinforced and confined masonry walls, as well as of masonry-infilled frames, are briefly presented. The models are tested on previously performed experimental tests of masonry-infilled steel frame under horizontal static force and masonry-infilled steel frame on a shake-table. The precision of both models is compared. It is concluded that both numerical models can provide reliable results. However, the macro model has more advantages for wide practical application.
Highlights
In the finite element analysis of masonry structures, whether they are composed of the masonry only or in combination with concrete or steel, two masonry models are mostly used: the so called macro and micro masonry models.2252 G
In the micro model (Figure 3c), the spatial discretization can be performed at the level of brick elements, joints and the contact surface between them
A complex masonry is simulated by a representative homogenous isotropic or anisotropic material with equivalent mechanical properties, disregarding the local effects in each constitutive element
Summary
In the finite element analysis of masonry structures, whether they are composed of the masonry only or in combination with concrete or steel, two masonry models are mostly used: the so called macro and micro masonry models. More sophisticated micro models use contact elements to model the connection between the brick elements and mortar in joints This approach provides possibility of real simulation of the masonry, with local effects in each material and at their contact. This problem can be expressed in dynamic analyses of structures, due to known problems of numerical algorithms for time integration This model has advantages in the analysis of simple structures where reliable experimental data regarding mechanical properties of each material and their contact are available. Liu and Dawe (2003) developed and encoded for computer application an analytical technique to study the behavior of concrete masonry loadbearing walls under various loading conditions Both geometrical and material nonlinearities to account for the moment magnification effect and the degradation of the material stiffness were included.
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