Comparison of dental outcomes in patients with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate who receive secondary alveolar bone grafting before or after emergence of the permanent maxillary canine

Abstract

For patients with complete unilateralcleft lip and palate (CUCLP), secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) can be performed before or after the emergence of the cleft side permanent canine (pre-CE and post-CE, respectively). The controversy regarding dental outcomes related to the timing of SABG remains unsettled. The objective of this study was to evaluate dental survival and specific dental outcomes of cleft-adjacent teeth in children with CUCLP who received either pre-CE or post-CE SABG. The permanent maxillary canines and the central and lateral incisors of 21 pre-CE and 23 post-CE SABG subjects with nonsyndromic CUCLP and all cleft-related surgeries performed by the same surgeon were analyzed retrospectively. Intraoral radiographs and clinical chart notes were collected at age 7years, at the time of the SABG, and approximately 4years after the grafting. Dental survival, spontaneous canine eruption, planned prosthetic replacement, root development, and root resorption were analyzed. Dental outcomes on the noncleft side were better than those on the cleft side. On the cleft side, dental survival of the cleft-adjacent teeth was not significantly different between the pre-CE and post-CE SABG groups (P>0.05). Most teeth completed root development after grafting, and the cleft side canine root development in the pre-CE SABG group appeared to accelerate after SABG. Trends showed that the pre-CE SABG group suffered less root resorption (16.28%; post-CE: 22.73%; P>0.05) and received fewer planned prosthetic replacements (14.29%; post-CE: 26.01%; P>0.05) but required a greater number of canine exposures (33.33%; post-CE: 4.55%; P=0.02). Pre-CE SABG showed better dental outcomes in patients with CUCLP, with fewer adverse dental outcomes than post-CE SABG.