Comparison of Demographic, Clinical, and Echocardiographic Features Between Complete and Incomplete, and Early and Late Presenters of Kawasaki Disease: A 10-Year Single-Center Experience.

Abstract

The diagnosis of Kawasaki disease(KD)is based mainly on clinical findings and supported by laboratory tests. Complete KD fulfills the main clinical criteria, while incomplete KD includes patients with fewer main criteria and compatible laboratory or echocardiographic findings. The study compares the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic parameters between the complete and incomplete KD and early and late presenters. Moreover, it describes the coronary manifestations of the study population. A retrospective review of all patients admitted with a diagnosis of KD during the period from January 2010 to September 2020 was conducted. Clinical presentation, laboratory features, echocardiographic observations, and follow-up data were examined. Moreover, the patients were further classified as early presenters (presented within 10 days of fever onset) and late presenters (presented after 10 days of disease onset). A comparison between complete and incomplete KD and early and late presenters was performed for demographic, clinical, and echocardiographic features. A total of 76 patients were admitted with a diagnosis of KD.The median age of presentation was 28 months, with a range of five to 144months, and the median timing was seven days, with a range of one to 30days. The median follow-up period was six weeks, with a range of one to 192weeks. Complete KD was present in 38 patients (50%), and 38 (50%) had incomplete KD.Skin manifestations, oral mucosal changes, skin desquamation, conjunctivitis, and lymphadenopathy were present more in patients with complete KD than incomplete ones. Complete and incomplete diseases did not differ regarding coronary artery lesions. Of the patients,53 (70%) presented 10 days or less after the onset of fever, and 23 (30%) presented after the 10th day of disease onset. Comparison between early and late presenters revealed significantly greater mucus membrane changes and lymphadenopathy manifestations among the early presenters and coronary artery lesions among the late presenters. The clinical features of KD should prompt early referral for evaluation, echocardiography, and early administration of intravenous immunoglobulin to prevent coronary artery complications. The complete form of Kawasaki does not have more frequent coronary artery lesions than the incomplete form. Additionally, late presenters may be at increased risk for coronary artery abnormalities than early presenters.