Comparison of Debris Flow Modeling Results with Empirical Formulas Applied to Russian Mountains Areas

Viktoriia Kurovskaia,Anastasiia Vasiakina,Tatyana Vinogradova

doi:10.4236/ojg.2020.101005

Viktoriia Kurovskaia, Anastasiia Vasiakina + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2020.101005

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Abstract

Construction of debris flow protection structures is impossible without studying the processes first. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to calculate the magnitude of debris flows in three study areas. Initial information was provided by JSC Sevkavgiprovodkhoz and the Research Center “Geodinamika”. The first object of this research was the river Ardon and its tributary the Buddon, because of disastrous consequences for Mizur village of passed debris flows and floods. Modeling of unsteady water movement was carried out for estimation of potential flooding. During modeling, 5 cases of flash floods and debris flows of various probabilities from 0.5% to 1% percent were considered. Therefore, maximum floods for the cross-sections above and in the Mizur village itself were obtained. The second study area was the Chat-Bash stream, which is also situated in the north of Caucasus mountains. For this stream, the maximum discharge that could impact the mining complex at Tyrnyauz was determined. The third study area was the Krasnoselskaia river due to frequent floods in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Applying three cases of various probabilities from 10% to 0.1%, the model determined maximum discharge and water level for the last cross-section above confluence into the Susuya river. Numerical experiments for all study areas with different roughness values were conducted to identify optimal ones. Comparing the model results for all study areas with empirical formulas (Golubcov V.V., Herheulidze I.I., Kkhann, Sribnyj and ASFS of EMERCOM of Russia) revealed that formulas contain only average depth slope angle and empirical coefficients and do not allow estimating flood areas and maximum characteristics of the event with a certain degree of accuracy.

Highlights

Debris flows of various densities are frequent phenomena in north Caucasus mountains [1] and in Sakhalin region [2]
Once in the Ardon River (Figure 1), the debris flow became diluted and transform into floods. The modeling of these flows was conducted to protect territory in the valley of the Buddon River for Mizur village and Zaramagskaya hydroelectric station, which is under construction
The values of maximum discharges will be used for the protection territory in the valley of the Buddon River for Mizur village and Zaramagskaya hydroelectric station, which is under construction

Summary

Introduction

Debris flows of various densities are frequent phenomena in north Caucasus mountains [1] and in Sakhalin region [2]. Research methods for identifying the magnitude of debris flows can be divided into calculated and experimental. The experimental method includes observation stations, where long-term monitoring of debris flows is already taking place in many countries around the world. Quantitative characteristics of debris flows are measured at the Spanish station in the Pyrenees [8]. The largest debris flow observation station was opened in 1961 in China in the Jiangjai River Basin in the suburb of Donchuan, Yunnan Province [9]. Since 2002 about 19 debris flow stations have been opened in Taiwan [11]. Vinogradov, were held in 1972-1975 in Zailiyskiy Alatau near Alma-Ata [12]

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