Abstract
Background: There has been a great interest in tracking health-related fitness across the United States. The NFL PLAY 60 FITNESSGRAM Partnership Project (NFL P60FGPP) is a large participatory research network that involves the surveillance of fitness among more than 1000 schools spread throughout the country. Fitness data are collected by school staff and therefore these data can vary in quality and representativeness. Therefore, careful screening procedures are needed to ensure that the data can reflect actual patterns in the schools. This study examined the impact of different data screening procedures on outcomes of aerobic fitness (AF) collected from the NFL P60FGPP. Methods: Data were compiled from 149,101 youth from 504 schools and were processed using the established age- and gender-specific AF FITNESSGRAM health-related standards. Data were subjected to three different screening procedures (based on grade size and boy-to-girl ratio per grade). Linear models were computed to obtain unadjusted and adjusted (for age, BMI-Z, and socio-economic status) estimates of % youth in the Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ) in order to determine if, 1) there were differences in % in the HFZ and 2) if differences could be explained by changes in the representativeness of the sample due to the different data screening procedures. Results: Depending on the screening procedure used, the final sample ranged from 96,999 (no screening) to 46,572 youth (most stringent criteria). The proportion of youth achieving appropriate levels of AF ranged from 56% to 61% with unscreened data resulting in consistently lower percentages of youth achieving the standard (P < 0.05). Overall, these differences were not explained by possible changes in demographic characteristics as the result of applying different screening criteria. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate the importance of establishing appropriate screening procedures that maximize sample size while also ensuring generalizability of the findings.
Highlights
A recent study of 27 countries has documental global declines in aerobic fitness performance (−0.36% per year) over the past 50 years [1]
The NFL PLAY 60 FITNESSGRAM Partnership has been successfully in implementing a sustainable strategy for the surveillance of fitness across the country. This initiative will allow states to have a better understanding of youth fitness levels and their implications for public health
It is challenging to define or quantify the quality of large scale data but our study provides evidence that the quality of the data, namely, coverage, can vary between schools and that unscreened fitness data can result in a higher prevalence of unsound estimates of aerobic fitness
Summary
A recent study of 27 countries has documental global declines in aerobic fitness performance (−0.36% per year) over the past 50 years [1]. The revised standards for aerobic fitness [13] and body composition [14] have documented utility for detecting risks of metabolic syndrome in youth and have been shown to be related with the fulfillment of physical activity guidelines [15]. This allows the school-based FITNESSGRAM assessment to provide valuable information about levels of health-related fitness in youth.
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