Abstract
BackgroundThe concentrations of cytokines in the aqueous humor from neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) may vary. The study was conducted to compare various cytokine levels in the aqueous humor of eyes with PCV, nAMD and control.MethodsThe present case control study included 49 treatment-naïve eyes from 49 patients (PCV 24, nAMD 11, and cataract 14 eyes). Totally 34 angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humor were measured by Luminex bead-based multiplex array.ResultsAfter adjusting for gender and age by multivariate logistic analysis, concentrations of IL-31, LIF, SDF1-α, VEGF-A, VEGF-D were significantly higher in eyes with nAMD or PCV compared with control eyes (all P < 0.05, times in nAMD: 59.5, 6.0, 7.0, 4.5, 5.6, respectively, times in PCV: 51.9, 5.21, 6.6, 4.0, 5.1, respectively), and concentrations of HGF, IP-10, MCP-1, IL-13 were significantly lower in eyes with nAMD or PCV than in control eyes (all P < 0.05, times in nAMD: 2.6, 2.0, 4.5, 4.7, respectively, times in PCV: 1.9, 3.0, 3.0, 2.8, respectively), but none of the 34 cytokines, including VEGF and IL-8, showed significantly different between eyes with nAMD and PCV.ConclusionsVarious cytokines involved in inflammation and angiogenesis including elevated IL-31, LIF, SDF1-α, VEGF-A, VEGF-D might be involved in the pathogenesis of nAMD or PCV. None of the 34 cytokines may help to differentiate nAMD and PCV.
Highlights
The concentrations of cytokines in the aqueous humor from neovascular age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) may vary
After adjusting for gender and age by multivariate logistic analysis (Table 3), concentrations of IL-31, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), stromal-derived factor 1-α (SDF1-α), VEGF-A, VEGF-D were significantly higher in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) or PCV compared with control eyes, and concentrations of hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), interferon inducible protein 10 (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), IL-13 were significantly lower in eyes with nAMD or PCV than in control eyes, but none of the 34 cytokines, including VEGF and IL-8, showed significantly different between eyes with nAMD and PCV
IL-31, LIF, SDF1-α, VEGF-A, VEGF-D levels were significantly higher in eyes with nAMD or PCV compared with control eyes, while HGF, IP-10, MCP-1, IL-13 were significantly lower in nAMD and PCV in contrast with controls
Summary
The concentrations of cytokines in the aqueous humor from neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) may vary. PCV shares many similarities with nAMD, including clinical manifestations, genetic background, and both of them are choroidal vasculopathy associated with subretinal hemorrhage, scars and fibrosis [1], so some views support PCV is a subtype of nAMD. They still differ in pathophysiology, histopathological, epidemiology, some clinical characteristics, treatment responses, natural course and special genes [2,3,4,5,6]. There are some literatures on cytokines profile in aqueous humor of nAMD and PCV [9,10,11], but relatively few studies investigated the differences of both angiogenic
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