Comparison of Condensed to Standard Schedule of High Dose Cytarabine Consolidation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Complete Remission

Abstract

Background Traditionally, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) consolidation therapy for patients less than 60 years old with low to intermediate risk disease has been treated with high dose cytarabine (HDAC) cycles given on days 1, 3, and 5 (HDAC-135). However, more recent publications have assessed alternative dosing, namely administering HDAC on days 1, 2, and 3 (HDAC-123). National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Guidelines for AML discuss this alternative dosing for HDAC and do not recommend one over another. A prospective study found that there was no cumulative hematologic toxicity and no change in survival when comparing HDAC-123 to HDAC-135 5. As a result, Northside Hospital began using HDAC-123 in patients less than 60 years old for AML consolidation therapy. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety, efficacy, and health care resource consumption associated with HDAC-135 versus the condensed HDAC-123 regimen at Northside Hospital. Methods This single-center, retrospective study included patients with AML between 18 and 60 years old who received at least one cycle of HDAC-123 or HDAC-135 at Northside Hospital Atlanta's outpatient clinic from January 1, 2018 to January 1, 2023. The primary outcome was time to hematologic recovery of white blood cell (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and platelets. Secondary endpoints were the amount of transfusions needed, incidence of documented infections, rate of hospital admission, and length of hospital stay. Results A total of 51 patients were included. Twenty one patients received a cumulative total of 39 cycles of HDAC-123 and 30 patients received a cumulative total of 57 cycles of HDAC-135. Overall, baseline characteristics were similar between groups although hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly lower in the HDAC-123 group. In the HDAC-123 group compared to the HDAC-135 group, the median day of WBC recovery was 15 and 24 days, respectively (p < 0.001). The median day of ANC recovery was 16 and 28 days, respectively (p < 0.001). The median day of platelet recovery was 16 and 20 days, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusion The results of this retrospective review support the findings of other studies. HDAC-123 demonstrated a significantly reduced time to WBC, ANC, and platelet recovery compared to HDAC-135. HDAC-123 was also was associated with lower rates of microbiologically documented infections but did require more RBC transfusions. HDAC-123 may be preferred over HDAC-135 for consolidation therapy in patients less than 60 years old.