Abstract
Three types of creep experiments of compression, tension, and bending were implemented to identify quantitative relations among the three types of creep under drying atmospheric conditions. In case of the bending creep experiment, two types of unreinforced concrete beams with similar dimensions were cast for use in the beam creep and shrinkage tests. The variations in the shrinkage strain within the beam depth were measured to evaluate the effect of the shrinkage variations on the bending creep strain. The beam creep strain measured within the beam depth was composed of uniform and skewed parts. The skewed parts of the creep strain were found to be dominant whereas the uniform parts were small enough to be neglected in the bending creep evaluation. This indicated that the compressive bending creep at the top surface was close to the tensile bending creep at the bottom surface. The ratios of tensile and bending creep strains to compressive creep strain were approximately 2.9 and 2.3, respectively, and the ratio of bending creep strain to tensile creep strain was approximately 0.8. Particular attention is laid on the close agreement between tensile and compressive bending creep strains even if the creep in tension is 2.9 times larger than the creep strain in compression.
Highlights
When concrete is subjected to sustained loads in either compression or tension, creep develops, the developing mechanism is generally characterized as a “delayed” phenomenon in the category of viscoelasticity
Creep in tension and compression of concrete was studied in depth to figure out its developing mechanism in connection with shrinkage
Most researches on creep have been studied under basic conditions to reveal the fundamental creep mechanism combined with shrinkage development in basic conditions to reveal the fundamental creep mechanism combined with shrinkage development micro level
Summary
When concrete is subjected to sustained loads in either compression or tension, creep develops, the developing mechanism is generally characterized as a “delayed” phenomenon in the category of viscoelasticity. The total amount of strain, including the load-induced strain in concrete becomes significant while determining whether the concrete reaches the failure state, and it becomes much more critical when concrete undergoes creep in tension (tensile creep) with shrinkage because of the low strain-carrying capacity of concrete in tension [6,7,8,9,10,11,12] Another type of creep, bending creep, has a crucial effect on the gradual increase of deflection of concrete flexural members such as the beam and slab the question of whether the creep phenomenon is the combination of compressive and tensile creep or the independent type of creep is left behind. The difference between tensile and compressive creep under drying conditions is that compressive creep is apparently small while tensile creep is significant for a fully dried concrete [1,10] This indicates that the two delayed strain phenomenon result from different mechanisms. The quantitative relations among the three types of creep—compressive, tensile, and bending creep—were examined macroscopically, based on the experimental measurements of the bending, compressive, and tensile creep tests
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