Abstract
It is shown by simple first-order geometric arguments that for a given resolution the flux on a sample in a small-angle scattering instrument is independent of the form of the collimator or of the length of the instrument. Count rate may be increased by increasing the sample size, through the use of multi-aperture systems. In second order, it is shown to be advantageous to place the beam defining elements close to the source and the sample. The multiple-pinhole system gives maximum flux on small samples but has non-uniform illumination so that the intensity increases only about half as fast as the sample area. Soller slits and continuous tubes from source to sample were also considered, but neutron scattering and reflection from surfaces generate a large halo. Monte Carlo simulations confirm these results, with the conclusion that the optimum collimator configuration is the multiple-pinhole system.
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