Abstract

This brief overview summarizes some of the ways that the structure, location and function of proteins in myelin sheaths affect the pathological abnormalities brought on by immunological, viral, genetic or other insults occurring in myelin disorders. The composition of compact myelin membranes is novel in comparison to other biological membranes, because of its high lipid content and the presence of several major proteins that are relatively specific for myelin [1,2]. The overall morphological structures of compact central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelin are similar, even though they are formed by different cell types, that is, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, respectively.

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