Comparison of Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Females with Urinary Tract Infection Assessed as Per the European Association of Urology Classification.

Abstract

Diabetes has been known to cause severe complicated UTI as a result of its various changes in the genitourinary system. This study of UTI in diabetic females enables us to know the pattern of infections, their causative organisms and severity, particularly with reference to European Association of Urology (EUA) guidelines for UTI 2015. This is a prospective single centre study done over a period of one year at Dayanand Medical College and Hospital on a total of 151 diabetic (Group A) and non-diabetic (Group B) female patients with diagnosis of UTI. A thorough history of the patients was taken which included looking for the anatomical level of infections, host risk factors; extra urogenital risk factors and nephropathy disease were assessed. All patients were adequately investigated. The UTI was classified according to the EAU classification for UTI, and an effort was made to find out the frequent class of UTI in this study group. A total of 151 females which included 70 diabetic (Group A) and 81 non diabetic (Group B) females were studied. The most common symptom was fever in both the groups. UTI was classified as per the EAU grades of UTI. In group A, the number of patients having severity grade from 1 to 6 were 47, 9, 4, 2, 4, and 4 respectively. The most common clinical presentation in both the groups was cystitis followed by pyelonephritis and urosepsis. In group B, the number of patients having severity grade from 1 to 6 were 66, 4, 5, 5, 0 and 1 respectively. Most common organism was E-coli, which was susceptible to most of the antibiotics. UTI in diabetic and non-diabetic female patients have different patterns. Uncontrolled diabetes was more commonly associated with severe UTI like pyelonephritis and emphysematous pyelonephritis. E. coli was most common isolate in either group, followed by klebsiella and Pseudomonas. Candida was isolated only from the diabetic population. Therefore, the most common type of UTI as per the EAU classification in both diabetic and non diabetic female was CY-1R: E. coli(a): 'simple cystitis but recurrent with susceptibility to standard antibiotics', in our study.