Abstract
BackgroundIn this study, we aimed to compare two outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Belgium in tomographic and biological-clinical aspects with artificial intelligence (AI).MethodologyWe performed an observational retrospective study. Adult patients who were symptomatic in the first seven days with COVID-19 infection, diagnosed by chest computed tomography (CT) and/or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, were included in this study. The first wave of the pandemic lasted from March 25, 2020, to May 25, 2020, and the second wave lasted from October 7, 2020, to December 7, 2020. For each wave, two subgroups were defined depending on whether respiratory failure occurred during the course of the disease. The quantitative estimation of COVID-19 lung lesions was performed by AI, radiologists, and radiology residents. The chest CT severity score was calculated by AI.ResultsIn the 202 patients included in this study, we found statistically significant differences for obesity, hypertension, and asthma. The differences were predominant in the second wave. Moreover, a mixed distribution (central and peripherical) of pulmonary lesions was noted in the second wave, but no differences were noted regarding mortality, respiratory failure, complications, and other radiological and biological elements. Chest CT severity score was among the risk factors of mortality and respiratory failure. There was a mild agreement between AI and visual evaluation of pulmonary lesion extension (K = 0.4).ConclusionsBetween March and December 2020, in our cohort, for the majority of the parameters analyzed, we did not record significant changes between the two waves. AI can reduce the experience and performance gap of radiologists and better establish a hospitalization criterion.
Highlights
The first cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were described in the city of Wuhan in December 2019 when the global pandemic began
The first wave of the pandemic lasted from March 25, 2020, to May 25, 2020, and the second wave lasted from October 7, 2020, to December 7, 2020
A mixed distribution of pulmonary lesions was noted in the second wave, but no differences were noted regarding mortality, respiratory failure, complications, and other radiological and biological elements
Summary
The first cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were described in the city of Wuhan in December 2019 when the global pandemic began. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mutates slowly, 12,000 mutations have been described, of which the most frequent is D614G [2]. This mutation studied in vitro increases the transmissibility of the disease [3]. The delta variant, first found in India and spread to England and the rest of the world, appears to carry twice the risk of hospitalization and has demonstrated moderate resistance to available vaccines [5,6]. We aimed to compare two outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Belgium in tomographic and biological-clinical aspects with artificial intelligence (AI)
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