Comparison of Chemical Composition and Bioactivities of Essential Oils from Fresh and Dry Rhizomes of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith.

Minyi Tian,Xianghuan Wu,Yi Hong,Ying Zhou,Guodong Deng,Huijuan Wang

doi:10.1155/2020/9641284

Abstract

The chemical constituents and the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of fresh rhizome essential oil (FR-EO) and dry rhizome essential oil (DR-EO) of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith obtained from Southwest China were compared. Zerumbone was the predominant component in both FR-EO and DR-EO (75.0% and 41.9%, respectively). FR-EO, DR-EO, and zerumbone were all demonstrated to have significant antimicrobial capacity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 31.25 to 156.25 μg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranging from 62.50 to 625.00 μg/mL. Zerumbone showed the strongest antimicrobial potential against all tested microorganisms compared with the fresh and dry rhizome essential oils. FR-EO was found to be more active than DR-EO against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris. FR-EO, DR-EO, and zerumbone all showed significant cytotoxic activity against K562, PC-3, and A549 human tumor cell lines in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Zerumbone exhibited the strongest antiproliferative activity against all tested human tumor cell lines with an IC50 of 4.21–11.09 μg/mL for 72 h incubation, as compared with the fresh and dry rhizome oils. The cytotoxic activity of FR-EO (IC50: 10.48–14.51 μg/mL for 72 h) was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of DR-EO (IC50: 13.83–33.24 μg/mL for 72 h). FR-EO, DR-EO, and zerumbone exhibited selective cytotoxic activity to tumor cells, with a significantly low cytotoxicity to normal cells (MRC-5, IC50: 56.98–147.29 μg/mL). However, FR-EO, DR-EO, and zerumbone all exhibited weak free-radical-scavenging activity according to DPPH and ABTS analysis. The findings highlighted in this study show that FR-EO provides appreciably higher content of the bioactive compound, zerumbone, and has higher antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties than DR-EO. Thus, fresh Z. zerumbet rhizome should be preferred in cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical applications.

Highlights

Introduction e genus Zingiber includes about141 species and is an important source of essential oil that is widely used in the perfume, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries [1,2,3]
fresh rhizome essential oil (FR-EO), dry rhizome essential oil (DR-EO), and zerumbone all exhibited weak free-radicalscavenging activity according to DPPH and ABTS analysis. e findings highlighted in this study show that FR-EO provides appreciably higher content of the bioactive compound, zerumbone, and has higher antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties than DR-EO. us, fresh Z. zerumbet rhizome should be preferred in cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical applications
E chemical constituents of Z. zerumbet rhizome essential oil from India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Reunion Island, Fiji, Vietnam, Philippines, ailand, Polynesia Islands, and Japan have been studied, and the results indicate that the chemical constituents of rhizome essential oil varied according to geographical location [4, 9, 11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27]. e Z. zerumbet rhizome oil is a mixture of terpenes and contains zerumbone as the major constituent [4, 12,13,14]. e zerumbone and Z. zerumbet rhizome oil have been demonstrated to have a variety of pharmacological activities, including chemopreventive [10], chemotherapeutic [10], antiproliferative [12], antinociceptive [22], antimicrobial [12, 28], antitumor [28, 29], antihypersensitivity [30], antioxidant [30, 31], antisecretory [31], and anti-inflammatory [10, 32, 33] properties

Summary

Introduction

Introduction e genus Zingiber includes about141 species and is an important source of essential oil that is widely used in the perfume, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries [1,2,3]. Zerumbone showed the strongest antimicrobial potential against all tested microorganisms compared with the fresh and dry rhizome essential oils. Zerumbone exhibited the strongest antiproliferative activity against all tested human tumor cell lines with an IC50 of 4.21–11.09 μg/mL for 72 h incubation, as compared with the fresh and dry rhizome oils. The effect of drying on the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of the volatile oil of Z. zerumbet rhizome has not been reported.

Results

Conclusion