Comparison of causes and circumstances of intrauterine death in term and preterm pregnancies at a tertiary care center

Abstract

Abstract Background: It is of extreme importance to identify the causes of fetal deaths, so that preventive strategies can be framed and more vigilant monitoring and prenatal surveillance can be undertaken. Objective: To determine the causes and circumstances of intrauterine death in term and preterm pregnancies and compare these causes. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was undertaken. All the mothers underwent basic and targeted investigations as per the hospital protocol to identify the causes of intrauterine death (IUD). Basic investigations included complete hemogram, infective serology, and liver and renal function tests. Results: The stillbirth rate was 17.83%. It was comparable in males and females. Most cases were second gravida. Birth weight was significantly lower in preterm pregnancies compared to term pregnancies. Other characteristics were comparable. The most common risk factor was pregnancy-induced hypertension 49 cases (40.49%). The presence of pregnancy-induced hypertension was comparable in two groups. Unexplained IUD was significantly more in preterm pregnancy cases compared to the term pregnancy cases. Conclusion: The main causes of fetal mortality identified from this study include pregnancy-induced hypertension, severe anemia, abruptio placenta, and Rh isoimmunization.