Abstract
Remarkable immunomodulatory abilities of mesenchymal stem cells, also called multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells or medicinal signaling cells (MSCs), have entailed significant advances in veterinary regenerative medicine in recent years. Despite positive outcomes from MSC therapies in various diseases in dogs and cats, differences in MSC characteristics between small animal veterinary patients are not well-known. We performed a comparative study of cells' surface marker expression, viability, proliferation, and differentiation capacity of adipose-derived MSCs (ADMSCs) from dogs and domestic cats. The same growth media and methods were used to isolate, characterize, and culture canine and feline ADMSCs. Adipose tissue was collected from 11 dogs and 8 cats of both sexes. The expression of surface markers CD44, CD90, and CD34 was detected by flow cytometry. Viability at passage 3 was measured with the hemocytometer and compared to the viability measured by flow cytometry after 1 day of handling. The proliferation potential of MSCs was measured by calculating cell doubling and cell doubling time from second to eighth passage. Differentiation potential was determined at early and late passages by inducing cells toward adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation using commercial media. Our study shows that the percentage of CD44+CD90+ and CD34−/− cells is higher in cells from dogs than in cells from cats. The viability of cells measured by two different methods at passage 3 differed between the species, and finally, canine ADMSCs possess greater proliferation and differentiation potential in comparison to the feline ADMSCs.
Highlights
IntroductionSignificant interest for stem cell therapies has arisen in veterinary medicine
In recent years, significant interest for stem cell therapies has arisen in veterinary medicine
Cumulative Cell doubling (CD) [(C)CD)] of canine adipose-derived MSCs (ADMSCs) was significantly higher than (C)CD of feline ADMSCs (p < 0.01; Figure 2A), and average cell doubling time (CDT) was significantly shorter for canine ADMSCs than for feline ADMSCs (p < 0.05; Figure 2B)
Summary
Significant interest for stem cell therapies has arisen in veterinary medicine. Adipose tissue is generally considered the most attractive source of MSCs because of a large MSC yield and minimally invasive procedure needed for cell harvesting [31]. After their isolation, MSCs are characterized to prove their mesenchymal nature. In addition to plastic adherence, minimal criteria to define human MSCs, set by the Mesenchymal and Tissue Stem Cell Committee of the International Society for Cellular Therapy, include their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondroblasts. MSCs must express CD105, CD73, and CD90 and lack the expression of CD45, CD34, CD14 or CD11b, CD79a or CD19, and HLA class II [32] surface markers
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