Abstract
Simple SummarySeveral smaller studies have shown that COVID-19 patients with cancer are at a significantly higher risk of death. Our aim was to compare patients hospitalized for COVID-19 with cancer to those without cancer using national data and to study the effect of cancer on the risk of hospital death and intensive care unit admission. This study shows that, in France, patients with COVID-19 and cancer have a two-fold risk of death when compared to COVID-19 patients without cancer. This study also provides information about the types of cancer for which the prognosis is worse, such as hematological cancers and, among solid tumours, all metastatic cancers but also lung cancers. Our results reinforce the need to implement an organization within facilities to prevent the contamination of patients being treated for cancer and the importance of all measures of physical prevention and of vaccination.(1) Background: Several smaller studies have shown that COVID-19 patients with cancer are at a significantly higher risk of death. Our objective was to compare patients hospitalized for COVID-19 with cancer to those without cancer using national data and to study the effect of cancer on the risk of hospital death and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. (2) Methods: All patients hospitalized in France for COVID-19 in March–April 2020 were included from the French national administrative database, which contains discharge summaries for all hospital admissions in France. Cancer patients were identified within this population. The effect of cancer was estimated with logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex and comorbidities. (3) Results: Among the 89,530 COVID-19 patients, we identified 6201 cancer patients (6.9%). These patients were older and were more likely to be men and to have complications (acute respiratory and kidney failure, venous thrombosis, atrial fibrillation) than those without cancer. In patients with hematological cancer, admission to ICU was significantly more frequent (24.8%) than patients without cancer (16.4%) (p < 0.01). Solid cancer patients without metastasis had a significantly higher mortality risk than patients without cancer (aOR = 1.4 [1.3–1.5]), and the difference was even more marked for metastatic solid cancer patients (aOR = 3.6 [3.2–4.0]). Compared to patients with colorectal cancer, patients with lung cancer, digestive cancer (excluding colorectal cancer) and hematological cancer had a higher mortality risk (aOR = 2.0 [1.6–2.6], 1.6 [1.3–2.1] and 1.4 [1.1–1.8], respectively). (4) Conclusions: This study shows that, in France, patients with COVID-19 and cancer have a two-fold risk of death when compared to COVID-19 patients without cancer. We suggest the need to reorganize facilities to prevent the contamination of patients being treated for cancer, similar to what is already being done in some countries.
Highlights
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is a viral infectious disease caused by the new SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus
We included 89,530 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, among whom we identified 6201 cancer patients (6.9%)
23 patients with cancer were identified among 1227 patients aged less than 18 years with COVID-19
Summary
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is a viral infectious disease caused by the new SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus. Based on expert opinion and on data from the literature [6,7,8,9,10], the high council of public health (Haut Conseil de la Santé Publique, HCSP) considers that individuals most at risk of developing a serious form of SARS-Cov-2 infection are people aged 70 years and older, patients with cardiovascular conditions (complicated hypertension, stroke or coronary heart disease, heart failure), insulin-dependent unbalanced diabetics or presenting secondary complications, and patients with chronic respiratory disease, chronic kidney failure dialysis or treatment for cancer. Another group considered at risk [11,12,13,14] is patients with congenital or acquired immunosuppression (cancer chemotherapy, immunosuppressive therapy, biotherapy and/or corticosteroids with immunosuppressive dose, uncontrolled HIV infection or with CD4 < 200/mm, those who have had a solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplant linked to a malignant hematology during treatment), and individuals with morbid obesity
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