Comparison of cadmium hydroxide nanowires and silver nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon as new adsorbents for efficient removal of Sunset yellow: Kinetics and equilibrium study

Abstract

Adsorption of Sunset yellow (SY) onto cadmium hydroxide nanowires loaded on activated carbon (Cd(OH)2-NW-AC) and silver nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon (Ag-NP-AC) was investigated. The effects of pH, contact time, amount of adsorbents, initial dye concentration, agitation speed and temperature on Sunset yellow removal on both adsorbents were studied. Following the optimization of variables, the experimental data were fitted to different conventional isotherm models like Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) based on linear regression coefficient R2 the Langmuir isotherm was found to be the best fitting isotherm model and the maximum monolayer adsorption capacities calculated based on this model for Cd(OH)2-NW-AC and Ag-NP-AC were found to be 76.9 and 37.03mgg−1 at room temperatures, respectively. The experimental fitting of time dependency of adsorption of SY onto both adsorbent shows the applicability of second order kinetic model for interpretation of kinetic data. The pseudo-second order model best fits the adsorption kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy, entropy, activation energy, sticking probability, and Gibb's free energy changes were also calculated. It was found that the sorption of SY over (Cd(OH)2-NW-AC) and (Ag-NP-AC) was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Efficiency of the adsorbent was also investigated using real effluents and more than 95% SY removal for both adsorbents was observed.