Abstract
Bone metabolism and the trace element content associated with it change at each stage of degenerative disease. The aim of this study was to find out about the role of the analyzed elements in different stages of hip osteoarthritis. Elements associated with oxidative and enzymatic processes were analyzed depending on the changes in the radiological images of the hip joint. Element content analysis was performed by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analytical technique. The femoral head in severely osteoarthritic hips (KL3–4) compared to mild grade osteoarthritis (KL2) had a greater content of Cu (median 1.04 vs. 0.04), Sr (median 38.71 vs. 29.59), and Zn (median 75.12 vs. 63.21). There were no significant differences in the content of Mo, Cr, and Fe in the femoral head and neck between the groups. The Cu/Fe correlation was negative in the KL2 group (−0.47) and positive in the KL3–4 groups (0.45). Changes in the content and correlation of trace elements in the hip joint explain the changes in metabolism dependent on the severity of degenerative changes.
Highlights
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease that mainly involves cartilage destruction, synovial inflammation, osteophyte formation, and subchondral bone sclerosis [1,2]
Significantly higher Sr content was found in the femoral head in the KL3–4 group compared to the KL2 group (p = 0.01)
There were no significant differences in the contents of Mo, Cr, and Fe in the femoral head and neck between the groups (Table 2)
Summary
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease that mainly involves cartilage destruction, synovial inflammation, osteophyte formation, and subchondral bone sclerosis [1,2]. The content of enzymatic and oxidative elements and their correlations in bone tissue have so far been analyzed in OA of the hip joints [3,4], knee joints [5,6], and intervertebral disc [7,8]. Enzymatic elements (Ca, Zn, Cu, and Mo) are cofactors of enzymes, e.g., metalloproteinases (MMPs), involved in the pathogenesis of degenerative joint lesions. Degenerative changes depend on oxidative processes, which are necessary enzyme cofactors, such as superoxide dismutase (Cu and Zn), catalase (Cu and Fe), and various types of glutathione peroxidases (Se) [9]. The aim of this study was to present the role of the analyzed elements in the pathogenesis of OA. This study will help indirectly show metabolic changes taking place in the bone in response to the progressive degenerative process
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