Abstract
BackgroundRalstonia solanacearum is one of the most notorious soil-borne phytopathogens. It causes a severe wilt disease with deadly effects on many economically important crops. The microbita of disease-suppressive soils are thought that they can contribute to the disease resistance of crop plants, thus, evaluation of the microbial community and their interaction characteristics between suppressive soil (SS) and conducive soil (CS) will help to understand resistance mechanism. To do this, the bacterial community structure, correlation analysis with soil chemical properties, interaction network of SS (nearly no disease in three years), and CS (suffered heavy bacterial wilt disease) were analyzed.ResultsA higher bacterial community diversity index was found in SS, the relative abundance of Nocardioides, Gaiella and norank_f_Anaerolineaceae were significantly more than that of the CS. Moreover, the relative abundance of main genera Bacillus, norank_o_Gaiellales, Roseiflexus, and norank_o_Gemmatimonadaceae were significantly more than that of the CS. Redundancy analysis at the genus level indicated that the available phosphate played a key role in the bacterial community distribution, and its role was negatively correlated with soil pH, organic matter content, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and available potassium contents. Interaction network analysis further demonstrated that greater diversity at the genus level existed in the SS network and formed a stable network. Additionally, the species of Mycobacterium, Cyanobacteria, and Rhodobiaceae are the key components that sustain the network stability. Seven clusters of orthologous groups exhibited significant differences between SS and CS. Moreover, 55 bacterial strains with distinct antagonistic activities to R. solancearum were isolated and identified from the healthy tomato plant rhizosphere soil of the CS.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the bacterial diversity and interaction network differed between the CS and SS samples, providing a good foundation in the study of bacterial wilt.
Highlights
Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most notorious soil-borne phytopathogens
Bacterial diversity assessment of the suppressive soil (SS) and conducive soil (CS) samples In order to determine whether the microbial community functioned to sustain tomato health, we identified the difference in disease incidence of tomato plants cultivated under four growing conditions: SS, CS, CS with heat treatment, and sterile nutrient soil inoculated with the R. solanacearum suspension
The results revealed a total of 3041 operational taxonomic units (OTUs)
Summary
Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most notorious soil-borne phytopathogens. It causes a severe wilt disease with deadly effects on many economically important crops. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most commonly cultivated vegetables in the world; the soil-borne disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is a serious threat to tomato production. In recent years, increasing evidences have been reported for suppressing several soil-borne pathogens causing Fusarium wilt [7], potato common scab [8], damping-off disease [9], sugar beet wilt [10], and bacterial wilt [11]. Some beneficial bacteria have been introduced into soils to increase the microbial community diversity or enhance the resistance to RSSC [14, 15]
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