Abstract
108 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, belonging to six large ribogroups according to the automated Ribo-Printer® system, were studied with two highly used molecular methods for epidemiological studies, namely multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and spa typing, followed by BURP and eBURST v3 analysis for clustering spa types and sequence (ST) types. The aim was to evaluate whether automated ribotyping could be considered a useful screening tool for identifying S. aureus genetic lineages with respect to spa typing and MLST. Clarifying the relationship of riboprinting with these typing methods and establishing whether ribogroups fit single clonal complexes were two main objectives. Further information on the genetic profile of the isolates was obtained from agr typing and the search for the mecA, tst genes, and the IS256 insertion sequence. Automated ribotyping has been shown to predict spa clonal complexes and MLST clonal complexes. The high cost and lower discriminatory power of automated ribotyping compared to spa and MSLT typing could be an obstacle to fine genotyping analyzes, especially when high discriminatory power is required. On the other hand, numerous advantages such as automation, ease and speed of execution, stability, typeability and reproducibility make ribotyping a reliable method to be juxtaposed to gold standard methods.
Highlights
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading pathogen in infections associated with orthopedic implants [1,2,3,4]
The outcomes resulting from the comparative analysis of the three distinct typing genotypic methods, respectively ribotyping, spa typing, and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), on the 108 clinical isolates of S. aureus are shown in Tables 1 and 3
The isolates belonged to five clonal complexes, namely CC30, CC8, CC7, CC5, and cra-147-S-6 consisted uniquely of strains ST1 (CC1) and a sporadic clonal complexes’ (CC), CC45
Summary
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading pathogen in infections associated with orthopedic implants [1,2,3,4]. MLST is the most diffuse and highly discriminative typing method, based on the sequencing of seven housekeeping genes The alleles at these seven loci are compared to an online database for each gene and provide an allelic profile represented by a distinct numerical identifier. A given allele’s combination generates an allelic profile which defines the sequence type (ST) that unequivocally identifies a clone By this technique, linked STs that share 6/7 alleles (single locus variants, SLV) or at least 5/7 alleles (double locus variants, DLV) may be clustered together by eBURST software (http://eburst.mlst.net/; accessed on 26 January 2022) into genetically related groups referred to as ‘clonal complexes’ (CC), useful to assess the population organization and the patterns of evolution [7]
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