Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that various genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of obesity. Among the latter, the gut microbiota has emerged as a critical player in the regulation of human metabolism and health and the development of non-communicable chronic diseases. Considering that no information on this matter is available in Argentina, our aim was to identify the microorganisms associated with obesity as well as their potential functionality. Using high throughput sequencing of 16SrRNA bacterial gene and diverse bioinformatics tools, we observed that the gut microbiota of obese and overweight individuals differs qualitatively and quantitatively from that from their lean counterparts. The comparison of the gut microbiota composition in obese subjects from Argentina, US and UK showed that the beta diversity significantly differs among the three countries, indicating that obesity-associated microbiota composition changes according to the geographical origin of the individuals. Moreover, four distinct microbiotypes were identified in obese individuals, whose prevalence and metabolic pathway signature differed according to the country, indicating that obesity associated dysbiosis would comprise several structures. In summary, identification of distinct taxonomic signatures associated with obesity might be a novel promising tool to stratify patients based on their microbiome configuration to design strategies for managing obesity.
Highlights
Accumulating evidence suggests that various genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of obesity
The microbiota was shown to inhibit the intestinal expression of FastingInduced Adiposity Factor (FIAF), a hormonal factor acting as an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in adipose tissue and promote adipocyte fat storage
Obesity is associated with alterations of the gut barrier function, which favor the translocation of proinflammatory bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagellin, resulting in the so-called metabolic endotoxemia
Summary
Accumulating evidence suggests that various genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of obesity Among the latter, the gut microbiota has emerged as a critical player in the regulation of human metabolism and health and the development of non-communicable chronic diseases. Gut microbiota has been involved in the development of obesity and other noncommunicable diseases in h umans[4,5] This dynamic ecosystem, mainly inhabiting the colon, is considered a key player in the regulation of energy metabolism and inflammatory processes in the host. The involvement of gut dysbiosis in energy metabolism disturbances was described for the first time in germfree mice In their seminal study, Turnbaugh et al reported that these animals, when transplanted with the fecal microbiota of obese mice, gained twice as much weight as those receiving the microbiota from lean donors. The role of ethnicity/ancestry, lifestyle and genetic factors in the gut microbiota-obesity relationship is not yet clearly established
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